- [EV: Batteries emit 100 to 200 kg of Co2 /kilowatt to produce https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EV-life-cycle-GHG_ICCT-Briefing_09022018_vF.pdf](https://theicct.org/sites/default/files/publications/EV-life-cycle-GHG_ICCT-Briefing_09022018_vF.pdf). It is pure metallurgy, needs extreme temperature and pressure, it cannot become more efficient without violating thermodynamics. A Tesla is 100 kilowatt, so over 10 tons of co2 just to produce the battery. It's the same as a thermic golf car engine co2 emitted through its lifetime.